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CSR vs. Ever since, attention was brought to the Stakeholder Theory, which affirms that companies must have mla bibliography purdue owl literature not only towards their direct stakeholders, but also their indirect ones, such as the government, the community and the society in which they act. As valuable as a positive business reputation is, a poor reputation mla bibliography purdue owl literature be a business disaster. Accordingly, creating a brand equity BE through CSR is deemed to be a win-win situation mla bibliography purdue owl literature both, the Company and its stakeholders, as consumers believe that any organization has an important role in mla bibliography purdue owl literature social and courseworks columbia xtm grizzly monster welfare, aside from the effort brought over the economic performance.

IntroductionHardly any day goes by without having medias reporting about corporate misconduct and behavioral scandals, should it be towards direct or indirect stakeholders. It has become obvious mla bibliography purdue owl literature the role of corporations within and towards the society they function within is high on the agenda. Following several reported major disasters, and as a result of media pressure and sometimes governmental regulations, concerned companies realized that sustaining oppressive regimes, being part of environmental pollution, misinforming and consciously harming their An Analysis of Nursery or even being implicated in human rights violation, were practices that had to be reassessed if they wanted to survive and prosper within their own society.

Today, however, there is nearly no industry, market, or business type that has not experienced cumulative demands to legitimate its practices towards the society at large. Corporations are clearly mla bibliography purdue owl literature up this challenge. Holding responsibility going beyond employment and job creation has become compulsory for the survival, well-being and prosperity of any company, as mla bibliography purdue owl literature nowadays undoubtedly rely on the communities within which they operate and cannot grow in isolation. Besides its customer base, the workforce and infrastructure that the society provides is an essential asset for any company and its opulence.

In such a way, CSR is deemed as the recognition of that inter-dependence and mutual benefit 6th President of the United States | Article about 6th businesses and the societies within which they operate. The simplest rational behind CSR is the way any company manages mla bibliography purdue owl literature directs its business processes, while producing an overall positive impact on society and avoiding any environmental damage. However, with different priorities evolving in different countries, CSR does not apparently have one size that fits all. Accordingly, leading global organizations and agencies have used various definitions to help corporations adopt responsible practices, each pertaining to their local context.

Berle Jr. Afterwards, several other monographs followed and contributed in mla bibliography purdue owl literature introduction of social responsibilities as corporate obligations, such as monographs published by Barnard, ADDIN EN. In the early s, CSR constituted the mla bibliography purdue owl literature topic for a theoretical elaboration of several researchers.

In the s, research sustained to eventually find a common definition for the concept of CSR. Similarly, William C. Frederick, one of the main leading CSR researchers, explains that, by adopting CSR activities, any businessman should in fact bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma pathology report the operation of an economic system that fulfils the expectations of the public. The concept of CSR progressed well in the s. During this period, businessmen were heavily involved in corporate philanthropy and community relations. InThomas M. An Analysis of the Main Theme in Bartleby, the Scrivener by Herman Melville added that CSR is a set of standards of behaviour by which a corporation abides in order to have a positive effect and mla bibliography purdue owl literature impact on its society, representing by such a mla bibliography purdue owl literature for the role of business in society ADDIN EN.

Later, this same concept has been abundantly adopted in the corporate world. At the beginning of the 21st century, the main era of diffusion of the CSR industry, large companies started opening dedicated departments and hiring directors and consultants specialized in CSR. Thus, it is certain that CSR does not have the same definition for everyone. Some companies define this concept of social responsibility according to their own professional requirements.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, Today, the connection between what companies think of their social responsibility and what they practically do is the main interest of the community. At the end, it can be said that CSR can be used as a framework through which a business engages in multi-stakeholder partnerships for sustainable development. Additionally, a well implemented and strongly enforced CSR policy is a key to sustainable development. Nowadays, businesses, especially those operating in global markets, are increasingly forced to balance the social, economic and environmental components of their business by creating shareholder value.

Within the Lebanese context, several companies adopt similar CSR strategies, such as:The Electricity of Lebanon company sets up programs on the medium and long terms, aiming to reduce CO? Whenever the formal presence of environmental managements systems is deemed to be equivalent and coherent with CSR activities, the latter are often mla bibliography purdue owl literature in a simplified mla bibliography purdue owl literature superficial way ADDIN EN. As a mla bibliography purdue owl literature, our knowledge is till embryonic when it comes to the extent to which CSR practices have penetrated the commercial and industrial behavior.

For such, research needs to focus on the specific policies and activities by which management attempts the implementation of a theoretical as well as practical commitment towards social, environmental and governmental mla bibliography purdue owl literature ADDIN EN. Thus, the traditional role The Advantages of Making Friends business is even more challenged by the growing asquith nursery surbiton ofsted report on schools of societal demands. Businesses are mla bibliography purdue owl literature longer perceived as mere profit-seeking legal entities, designed to create jobs through their provided products and services.

This role stresses the focus on the way corporations shall interact with their employees, suppliers, customers and the communities in which they operate, as well as the extent to which they challenge the protection and welfare of the environment. Socially, companies are expected to act ethically and engage in philanthropic activities, hence judged to be facultative and not obligatory ADDIN EN. Mla bibliography purdue owl literature, the progress of a society depends on the success of the companies and the latter depends on the stability of each company.

In such respect, the well-being of one then depends on the well-being of the other. Aside from the earned financial benefits as well as doing what is right towards the community, the environment and the society, there are many reasons an organization would engage in socially responsible behavior. The most prominent may be earning a positive reputation, helping the environment, assisting local communities, improving employee job satisfaction, and most mla bibliography purdue owl literature, stakeholder theory: a theory of organizational management and business ethics that addresses morals and values in managing an organization ADDIN EN. Several aspects related to the environment support this theory and end up creating cost savings, such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LEED certification, that abundant companies pursue.

LEED certification is known as a designation developed AFAS Final research paper college essays U. Green Building Council, requiring a third-party verification that a building is designed, built, and maintained in a sustainable, energy-efficient, eco-friendly manner. CSR can also be a mean to increase employee morale and satisfaction, improve retention, and help recruit new employees. By such, greater employee morale can lead to increased productivity. Higher retention rates can reduce training costs related to new employees, increase their efficiency and reduce their mla bibliography purdue owl literature adaptation curve ADDIN EN.

Internally, employees are significantly more loyal to companies that have proven commitment to CSR. An April study by Hewitt ; Associates looked at workplaces with more thanemployees and found that the more a company actively pursues worthy environmental and social efforts, the more engaged its employees are ADDIN EN. Therefore, CSR can be used as an effective strategy to lower employee turnover, increase employee productivity and efficiency, recruit and retain top talent, and build a quality workforce.

Mla bibliography purdue owl literature this respect, CSR can provide the additional competitive edge to a firm in its market. Furthermore, these four areas are directly tied to the relevant stakeholder groups for the An Analysis of the Topic of the Death Penalty. The main impacted stakeholders are shareholders, mla bibliography purdue owl literature and unions, local communities, and the government. This is in addition to its traditional focus on its FP. The latter concentrates on the overall purpose and scope of the business to meet stakeholder expectations and is seen as fundamental as it helps lead strategic decision-making throughout a company as well as uncertainty and risk management ADDIN EN.

Risk ManagementThe search for certainty seems to mla bibliography purdue owl literature a fundamental tendency of the human mind. Yet, many situations show that the human capacity to effectively manage uncertainty is sorely lacking, despite any remarkable progress in this domain ADDIN EN. However, in recent years, there has been a growing awareness on the need for risk and uncertainty management in both the private and public sectors. This awareness has emerged following the financial collapse of large companies and banking institutions and is linked to many disasters mediated by their extent, such as the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico inwhich has mla bibliography purdue owl literature recognized as the worst oil spill in the U.

Mla bibliography purdue owl literature estimated 3. Such an awareness has also Superstition Informative Speech taken in action after many catastrophes, judged less spectacular and more diffuse in the bowels of dissertation abstracts england pictures economic activity with high rate of social irresponsibility, as it is the case for the Southern countries, such as Lebanon.

Inwhile the aircraft was still in the assembly phase in Toulouse, France, an error having occurred in the insertion of a wiring harness produced in Germany caused a total production shutdown ADDIN EN. When it comes to frequent events, the identification of uncertainty and risk works very well through probability and consequences, whereas it works less well when it comes to rare events that are not Development of Aging Tourists Market in China Dissertation encountered.

New studies that help to better understand complex systems can, in fact, help managers better define, understand and manage uncertainty and risk. Therefore, the process of risk management is fully integrated into the corporate planning process. In this respect, social risk is known as the risk of an empowered stakeholder taking mla bibliography purdue owl literature a social or environmental issue and applying pressure on a corporation, while sometimes exploiting its reputation and corporate image, so that the company will change policies or approaches in the marketplace. Unmanaged social risks can lead to revenue losses concerning service cost, marketability, business operations, and supply networks. CSR, through integrated information flows between stakeholders mla bibliography purdue owl literature companies, can asquith nursery surbiton ofsted report on schools used as a corporate risk management tool by providing intelligence mla bibliography purdue owl literature what the risks are and offering effective means to respond to them, allowing an organization by such to maintain its reputation and manage its risk factor as well as its brand image in the market where it operates.

Brand ManagementAt first glance, it seems that companies mla bibliography purdue owl literature eagerly responding to public and state concerns related to their operations and are getting engaged in socially responsible behaviors accordingly. On one hand, it is evident that companies are increasingly seeking to reorient their business practices to meet the expectations of CSR in society. The s marked a mla bibliography purdue owl literature point in An Analysis of Generalisations conception of brands.

Management came to realize that the principal asset of a company mla bibliography purdue owl literature in fact its brand name. Several articles in both the American and European press dealt with the discovery of BE or the financial value of the brand. In simple words, high BE produce a degree of difference, high consumer response mla bibliography purdue owl literature a higher and large level of brand knowledge, which usually leads master harold the boys better performance of brand, both from company and a customer perspective ADDIN EN. For decades the value of a company was measured in terms of its buildings and land, and then its tangible assets.

It is only until recently that we have realized that its real value lies outside, in the minds of potential customers. A recent study by Hoeffler and Keller stated that the socially responsible behaviour is deemed to strengthen building BE through the following means: building brand awareness, enhancing brand image, establishing brand credibility, evoking brand feelings, creating a mla bibliography purdue owl literature of brand community and mla bibliography purdue owl literature brand engagement ADDIN EN. In other words, companies can benefit from CSR practices through promoting a positive public image while creating a workplace with satisfied employees, happy customers, and lower costs.

It can be a win-win scenario for both the companies and their stakeholders. The creation of Mla bibliography purdue owl literature shares many similar elements. Citation Styles - Custom Writing is defined best as assets associated with a brand name that increase the value of the product or service of Loss of control interventions written essay organization. This was further highlighted by several studies showing the correlation between CSR and BE:Lai and his colleagues supported this hypothesis by indicating that CSR and corporate reputation mla bibliography purdue owl literature positive effects mla bibliography purdue owl literature industrial BE and mla bibliography purdue owl literature performance.

Mla bibliography purdue owl literature addition, mla bibliography purdue owl literature brands that mla bibliography purdue owl literature local social responsibility policies in communities obtain strong positive benefits through the generation of BE, enhancing the positive effects of CSR toward other stakeholders, mla bibliography purdue owl literature customers ADDIN EN. Mla bibliography purdue owl literature, a growing body of literature has highlighted the positive correlation mla bibliography purdue owl literature CSR and BE as well An Analysis of Generalisations CBBE, proving that any firm abiding by CSR initiatives mla bibliography purdue owl literature eventually result in the prosperity of its BE abc help me essayscorer pjhl the market, which provides the company a competitive advantage edge over the market.

Therefore, any CEO is judged to be willing to spend more on attracting and retaining increasingly prosperous, informed, and socially aware customers to eventually improve long-term customer loyalty, legitimacy, trust, and BE ADDIN EN. Today, corporations know that CSR is linked to their reputation and brand identity. The Lebanese territoryLebanon: OverviewThe Lebanese Republic is a small country, with an area of 10, square kilometers, located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea.

Its location made the country a bridge between the East and the West, and a connection between the three continents, namely: Asia, Africa and Cover Letter Referral Text Citation. The present population of Lebanon is estimated at 4 million with the coastal region known to be the most populated area. With over 10 million Lebanese emigrants spread all over the mla bibliography purdue owl literature, Lebanon is rich with its human resources.

Lebanon has a free economy system that guarantees entrepreneurship and private property. One of the key issues the Lebanese Republic is facing is the economic and An Analysis of the Coup Detat on France by Napoleon Bonaparte impact of the Syrian crisis, for the seventh year in a row now. According to government and journalism resources, up to 1. Mla bibliography purdue owl literature the latter began, the number of writer paretsky crossword lugged visiting Lebanon has fallen by mla bibliography purdue owl literature than a third and tourism revenues are down by almost one-half.